“Urban Governance (and decentralization) is an enabling framework to fight against inequalities and poverty to achieve the Millennium development goals and for the economic, social and cultural development of the society, country and most important the human rights of the different societies.
Rapid urbanization, the scarcity of suitable jobs and the short comings of city planning and management are some of the causes behind the urbanization (slums and squatter relating directly) of poverty in one sense whereas in the terms of less development, poor mobilization, scarcity of food and weak local government is the biggest challenges in this today’s world perspective.
Urban growth is potentially positive if it brings sufficient economic empowerment to generate the employment and revenues needed as well as food security for the future purpose and the present scenario lack on these issues as well. The people living in the world with seven billion population shows that there will be crisis relating to the food and agriculture.
People day by day eradicating the greenery lands and converting the lands into their benefits and use ;which one day surely the world will be in a great threat from the environmental problems as people are in the mood to destroy the greenery land into their desired concrete jungles for living use. Environmental degradation leads to explicit of the preservation which is causing a problem for other living being in the jungles, forest and loss of bio-aquatic life due to pollution caused by the industries and people living in the societies as well.
Without the positive outcomes, cities are increasingly segregated into under equipped and residential neighborhoods where social and spatial divides are mutually reinforced. The difficulties of accessing the private and public lands, essential and emergency services with the basic provision of living and housing is one of the most aspect of living in the cruel societies. However, in context of Nepal, being on the South-east Asia, facing difficulties in accessing the land for shelter and farming is one of the cases for poverty and poor.
Human poverty is reflected by the growing number of slums and squatters in many urban agglomerations. It is the most important that the basic provision of services which is adapted through the cultural practices and in the terms of technical and financial capacities of populations, and that they be based on national sector polices as well.
The government led only when it has a balance policies and which have a address of problem till tomorrow at least 30 years. But in context of Nepal, we lack strong policies relating to foreign affairs, industrial and labor policies with other policies need to be addressed as soon as possible.
In Nepal, the services are delivered and managed to co-production but having with difficulties due to corruption. The policies are biased in one way and in some cases, different political parties has different meaning on policies too which is the main current problem in Nepal not to progress and in Nepal, most part of the departments is in corruption way which led to failure of economic as well as social morals which we underdeveloped countries have to face in daily lives.
The involvement of local authorities in corruption has led the failure of industries and government agencies. For example Nepal Airlines, Janakpur cigarette factory and other government based industries, corporation were ruined by the government officials to failure the public facilities for the sake of private sectors development.
The revenue structure is different in people business. Many top companies are not in adopting revenues policies and have a culprit by making duplicate revenue bills to failure the economic status of the country itself and our government not taking action but in the mood to protect the industries due to corruption terms. The public sector few officials has declared some terms in adhoc basis which don’t put efforts on developing the nation but ruining the images of the country.
The adhoc rules and regulation made suffer to the people in policies development. People want favorable policies in Nepal as well as constitution too, which can be a big trauma to all the citizens living in Nepal.
The centralization government should be decentralize and work on broad regional levels for access to basic services for all. The aim of decentralization can help national and local authorities implement reforms promoting access to these services for all as education, empowerment and capacity building.
We most foster dissemination particularly within the network of cooperation and governmental supports in the implementation by involving the local and regional authorities to establish for the development of the different societies in infrastructure development, education and health sectors with empowerment in the local and regional based societies.
Civil society and the private sector by ensuring their surrounding environmental impact is managed. In terms of the political level, and their particularly regarding national level recognition of the fundamental principles for access to the essential services which can lead to the development of the social form.
Due to political unrest, many people still shifting from one place to another place for safer environment to live and sustain their lives for children and family. The ongoing constitution process is also a lead to balance of societies through equal access provision. However, the situation is not favorable without clear vision to develop Nepal and its internal structures.
The traditional based societies have different tribe living together with culture, religion and beliefs with mixture of people living in the same place with social vibrancy and social harmony. The failure to address the current demand can lead to failure of governance and can lead back to the bloodshed which is the biggest issues in this context. Political failure has created economical exploitation and close of industries in different region which leads to shift of industries into another region which can also become a region of decline of cities and villages in the living area.
In terms of Governance, delivering basic services helps initial change in the way in where the organizations, institutions are run combined with the learning effect as well. There is a high potential for progress in the way these services are managed, particularly, energy and water supply, natural resources, public facilities like roads, and public transport.
In Nepal the government is playing its role in tortoise manner as to play a long-term in -building the capacities of municipalities and all actors to streamline the provision of services and improve the rural and urban efficiency.
